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The Bible talks about the Pre-Flood Era and the Increasing Corruption on Earth which provoked God’s wrath so that He flooded the earth. The Bible says:

When man began to multiply on the face of the Earth and daughters were born to them, the Sons of God saw that the daughters of man were attractive. And they married them.

Then the LORD said, “My Spirit shall not abide in man forever, his days shall be 120 years. The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the Sons of God came in to the daughters of man and they bore children to them. These were the mighty men who were of old, the men of renown.

The LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. And the LORD was sorry that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him to his heart. So the LORD said, “I will wipe off man whom I have created from the face of the land, man and animals and creeping things and birds of the heavens, for I am sorry that I have made them.” But Noah found favor in the eyes of the LORD.

Herein, there are some points; they are:

1.Why only daughters were born unto man?
2.Who are the Sons of God and how many they were?
3.Also, nothing can or could, will or would grieve Allah. Also, Allah has no heart; He is not like us or like anything else.
4.Is man’s age 120 years as the Lord God has decided?
5.Allah never ever repents of anything He did, He does and/or He will do.
6.Moreover, although the Biblical God has Spirit, Allah has no Spirit; He is not like us.
7.In addition, although the Biblical God has heart (and blood vessels and blood consequently), Allah has no heart; He is not like us or like anything else.

On the other hand, the Quran does not talk about the Increasing Corruption on Earth in the Pre-Flood Era, but it talks about the corruption on mankind from the time of creation of man up till now. After Adam’s fall, Allah gave him and his offspring consequently an advice (Verses 20:121-123 and verses 2:38-39); hereupon, Allah sent Prophets to every nation on the Earth and He ends the Prophethood with the last Prophet, Muhammad (Verses 43:6-7 and verses 35:24-25).

After Adam’s fall, Allah gave him and his offspring consequently an advice

The meanings of the verses 20:121-123

And Adam disobeyed his Lord and so he erred, by [his] eating from the tree.

Then his Lord chose him, He brought him close [to Him], and relent to him,

Then Allah chose him, He accepted his repentance, overlooked his sin and guided him to seek repentance regularly.

[N.B., In the Bible, the Lord has not accepted Adam's repentance; that is why He sent his son to the Earth.]

And Allah said, ‘Go down both of you, that is, Adam and Eve, including all of your progeny, from it, from the Garden, all together, some of you, some of the progeny, being enemies of others, because of some wronging others. Yet if there should come to you guidance (a Scripture, a Messenger, and/ or a Prophet) from Me, then whoever follows My guidance, shall not go astray in the life of this world nor come to grief in the Hereafter.

The meanings of the verses 2:38-39

Allah said to Adam, Eve, and Satan, ‘Go down from the Heaven, all together. Then Allah mentioned Adam’s progeny, from hence; when and whenever it comes to you, from Me a guidance, whoever follows My guidance, believing in me and performing deeds in obedience of Me, no fear shall befall them, neither shall they grieve, in the Hereafter, since they will be admitted into Paradise.

But those who disbelieve, and deny our guidance, they will be the rightful owners of the Eternal Fire; they will abide therein forever, they will remain perpetually in hell: never to die or be released from it.

Allah sent Prophets to every nation on the Earth and He ends the Prophethood with the last Prophet, Muhammad

The meanings of the verses 43:6-7

Allah asks the Historian this Question

And how many a prophet did Allah send among the ancients! O Muhammad, Allah knew that they would not believe, but Allah nonetheless did not leave the bygone nations without messengers and Scriptures! And never came to these past nations a Prophet but they used to mock their Prophets, in the same way that your people deride you O Muhammad.

It follows that, in contrary to the Bible which states that all the Prophets were Israelites, every ancient nation had its own Prophet; the historians and researchers have to dig through the history to explore the prophets sent to America, Asia, Europe, Africa and Australia.

It should be emphasized that Allah sent a Prophet (Idris); the scholar said that he was an Egyptian Prophet sent to the Ancient Egypt before the Flood (Verses 19:56-57). Idris is not mentioned in the Bible.

The meanings of the verses 35:24-25

Lo! Allah has sent you O Muhammad with the Truth, with the Quran, as a bearer of glad tidings, announcing Paradise for whoever believes in Allah, and as a Warner from the Fire for whoever disbelieves in Allah; and there is not a nation except that they had a warning messenger. In other words, there is not a nation or a community before you O Muhammad but a Warner has passed among them to warn them.

And if they deny you O Muhammad, those before them also denied their messengers who brought them manifest signs, miracles and with scriptures. In other words, the messengers before Muhammad came unto their nations with clear proofs of Allah’s Sovereignty; they came to them with commands, prohibitions and signs, and with the Scripture expositing the lawful and the unlawful.

It is interesting that the Bible which is a historical book declares that all the Prophets sent by the Lord God were Israelites who were in the area of Iraq, Palestine and Egypt. On the other hand, the Quran which is not a historical book challenges the Historians and declares that Allah sent a Prophet to every ancient nation. Hence, the Historian have to find out who are the prophets sent to America, Asia, Europe, Africa and Australia.

==================================

The Bible (King James Version)

Genesis 6:1-7

1) And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them,

2) That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose.

3) And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years.

4) There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.

5) And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.

6) And it repented the LORD that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.

7) And the LORD said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, and the creeping thing, and the fowls of the air; for it repenteth me that I have made them.

8But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD.

==================================

The Quran (Pickthal translation)

Verses 43:6-7

6) How many a prophet did we send among the men of old (the ancients)!

7) And never came there unto them a prophet but they used to mock him.

Verses 35:24-25

24) Lo! We have sent thee with the truth, a bearer of glad tidings and a Warner; and there is not a nation but a Warner hath passed among them.

25) And if they deny thee, those before them also denied. Their messengers came unto them with clear proofs (of Allah’s sovereignty), and with the psalms and the scripture giving light.

Verses 20:121-123

121) … and Adam disobeyed his lord, so went astray.

122) Then his lord chose him, and relented toward him, and guided him.

123) He said: go down hence, both of you, one of you a foe unto the other. But when there come unto you from me guidance, then whoso followeth my guidance, he will not go astray nor come to grief.

Verses 2:38-39

38) We said: go down, all of you, from hence; but verily there cometh unto you from me guidance; and whoso followeth my guidance, there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve.

39) But they who disbelieve, and deny our revelations, such are rightful peoples of the fire. They will abide therein.

———————

Back to my question to the smart and interested reader:

Are the Scholars truthful when they claim that the Quran quoted from the Bible?

Explain the relationship between a nation’s factor endowment and its comparative advantage in international trade:

Comparative advantage theory:

David Ricardo coined the comparative advantage theory of trade. He considered two countries, two products and two factors of production. In his theory he stated that even if one country had absolute advantage in the production of the two goods they would still gain by trading, absolute advantage according to Adam Smith refers to the cost advantage country posses in the production of goods.

Ricardo compared two goods which is wine and cloth which were produced in Portugal and England, in his study he discovered that Portugal had absolute advantage on the production of both cloth and wine but the two countries would still gain from trading where Portugal will olny produce that product which it is more efficient in production and which it has more comparative advantage while England would produce the other good. According to this theory the two countries will gain from trade if each country specialises in the production of that good which it has a higher comparative advantage.

The table below shows comparative advantage of two countries:

country

GOOD 1

GOOD 2

A

80

90

B

120

100

We assume that the given numerical figures are the costs of labour in the production of good 1 and good 2 in both countries, from the above table it is clear that country A has absolute advantage in the production of both goods but according to the comparative advantage theory the two countries will still gain by trading

Comparative advantage:

Country A

Good 1 = 80/120 X 100 = 67%

Good 2 = 90/100 X 100 = 90%

Country B

Good 1 = 120/80X 100 = 150%

Good 2 = 100/90 X 100 = 111%

From the analysis of the comparative advantage it is clear that despite country A having absolute advantage in the production of both goods it even more efficient in the production of good 1, for country B it is less disadvantaged in the production of good 2. for this reason country A will produce good 1 and country B will produce good 2 and they will gain from trading.

The gains from trade:

Both countries will gain from trading, if we assume that the exchange rate of good 1 and good 2 is 1:1 then we can summarise the gains as follows:

Country A produces good 1 and therefore gains 90 – 80 = 10 units of labour, country B will produce good B and gain 120 -100 = 20 units of labour.

Therefore trade will offer a country an opportunity to specialise and therefore countries will reallocate factors of production to those goods in which it has comparative advantage in and therefore gain in the process.

Assumptions of the comparative advantage theory:

•The comparative advantage theory is based on the assumption that there is only one factor of production which is labour
•The theory also assumes that there are no trade impediments such as transport costs between countries
•The theory also assumes that labour is homogeneous and this means that a labourer in country A is equal to a labourer in country B
•And the final assumption is that the gains from trade are accrued to everyone in that country.
Factor endowment theory:

Hecksher ohlin trade theory states that trade occurred due to factor endowment, factor endowment according to him meant that a country was either endowed with capital or labour, he stated that those countries that were rich in capital produced capital intensive goods while those that were rich in labour produced labour intensive goods. Capital intensive goods are those goods that require more units of capital per unit of production, while the labour intensive goods are those goods that require more units of labour per unit of production.

Factor endowment therefore refers to the amount of resources has, however this theory was based on the assumptions that there were no transport costs, perfect competition in the commodity and factor market, only two goods are produced where one good is labour intensive while the other is capital intensive and the final assumption is that the production function differ between commodities but is same in both countries.

The comparative advantage theory and the Hecksher ohlin theory therefore is based on the assumption that we consider 2 countries and two commodities, they also assume that there are no transport costs and explain why countries will trade, according to David Ricardo countries will trade in order to gain from trade while according to the hecksher ohlin theory countries will trade due to factor endowment.

If we consider factor prices in two countries where country one is capital endowed and country two is labour endowed then we expect that the capital endowed country the cost of one unit of capital is lower than in country two and in the same case for the labour abundant country two the cost of one unit of labour is less than in country one which is capital endowed. If we tke a hypothetical example where country one has 100 units of capital and 60 units of labour and country two has 50 units of capital and 100 units of labour then the production possibility frontier for the two countries will be as follows:

Given the above scenario then we expect that country one which is capita endowed we expect the price of one unit of capital to be lower than in country two, on the other hand we expect that in country two which is labour endowed the cost of one unit of labour is lower than in country one.

For this reason therefore country one will produce capital intensive goods due to the abundance and low cost of capital while country two will produce labour intensive goods due to abundance of labour and the low cost per unit of labour. For this reason the countries will trade and gain from trade due to the cost differences of factors of production, country one will export capital intensive goods and import labour intensive goods.

However the Hercksher ohlibn theory faces some problems where there exist demand reversals and factor reversals, when demand reversals occur then this theory does not hold, it refers to the situation where the preference pattern in a country where a capital intensive country will demand capital intensive goods while in the labour endowed country consumers may demand labour intensive goods. Factor reversals refer to a situation where a good which is labour intensive will become a capital intensive good at a certain level of production and there is no correspondence between factor prices and factor intensities and goods produced can no longer be classified as labour intensive or capital intensive, therefore When factor reversals occur this theory will not hold.

Assumptions of this theory:

•There exist no trade impediment and transport costs and therefore this states that the prices of goods in both countries are the same
•There is perfect competition in both the factor and commodity market and therefore the allocation process is made in an optima way
•Productions functions of the two goods are in such a way that they portray factor intensities where good A is labour intensive and good B is capital intensive.
•The production function differ between countries but are the same in both countries, this means that there exist no factor reversals.
Discussion:

From the above discussion of the two theories regarding factor endowment and comparative advantage countries will trade and gain from trade, the two theories state that there should be free trade between countries, a country that is rich in capital according to the factor endowment theory will produce capital intensive goods, while the labour endowed country will produce the labour intensive goods, in the countries which are endowed in capital then the unit cost of capital used in production is lower than the labour endowed country, for this reason therefore the country will try to capture this advantage by producing capital intensive method.

The capital endowed country therefore has a comparative advantage in the production of capital intensive goods while the labour endowed country will have comparative country in the production of labour intensive goods. For this reason therefore each country will specialise in that good which they have comparative advantage in, according to the comparative advantage theory by Ricardo the countries will gain by trading.

The factor endowment theory is based on the assumption that the price of factors of production and the commodity price are determined by the market, the competitive market determines the factor price and for this reason if the supply of capital is high then the price will be low in those capital endowed countries, on the other hand in the labour endowed country we expect the supply of labour to be high and for this reason the price of one unit of labour used in production is low.

Given the factor prices in the two countries we can therefore determine which goods will be produced and traded in the countries, the countries have their own unique comparative advantage and therefore they will specialise and gain from trading. The labour endowed country will produce the labour intensive goods while the capita intensive good will produce the capital intensive goods and trade with the other country importing the goods it does not produce.

To show different factor endowment we can give an example whereby we have a labour intensive good example an agricultural product and also capital intensive product which is the production of computers, a developing country which abundant labour will produce agricultural products because of the low cost of labour compared to capital cost and trade it with the capital endowed country and import computers and export agricultural products.

The capital intensive product which is computers will be produced in the capital endowed country at a very low cost and it will export the product and import the labour intensive product which the agricultural product. The capital cost in the labour abundant country is much higher in than in the capital abundant country while the labour cost is much higher in the capital abundant country and therefore the two countries will gain from trading which will lead to specialisation.

In conclusion we can state that the capital endowed country will have comparative advantage in the production of capital intensive goods while the labour endowed country will have comparative advantage in the production of labour intensive goods and for this reason the two countries will specialise and gain from trade.

References:

Brian Snow (1997) Macroeconomics: introduction to macroeconomics, Routledge publishers, London

Philip Hardwick Et Al (2004) Introduction to Modern Economics, Pearson Education Press, London

Heller R. (1973) International Trade: Theory and Empirical Evidence, Prentice Hall publishers, New York

Joseph E (2005) Fair Trade for All: How Trade Can Promote Development, Oxford University Press, Oxford

Introduction:

Porter’s diamond theory describes how nations have gained competitive advantage from the four determinants highlighted in this theory. The four determinants include factor condition, demand condition, supportive industries, firm’s strategy, structure and rivalry and government. In this paper we compare Japan and South Africa with regard to the utilisation of these four factors to gain comparative advantage.

Japan is the second largest economy after US in terms of Gross Domestic Production (GDP). However the two economies are different in various aspects, example Japans economic development is attributed to the high technological innovations. The South Africa however is a less developed country compared to Japan.

Factor condition:

According to porter the key factors that lead to comparative advantage include skilled labour, infrastructure, capital and resource, however porter identifies that key resources are created and not inherited and some of these inherited resources include raw materials. South Africa has less skilled labour compared to Japan and that South Africa may have more raw materials example Gold mines and other mineral deposits but it still lags behind in terms of development.

This is because Japan has adopted key factor utilisation where it concentrates more on technological advancement through research and development.

Demand condition:

Japan has sophisticated consumer demand and this means that consumers are more interested in the quality of products, domestic demand in this case makes firms in this country to be competitive and this gives the country competitive advantage. In South Africa consumers are not much into quality and for this reason the country is less likely to be acquiring comparative advantage.

Supportive industries:

There exist more complex supportive industries in Japan than in South Africa, therefore production in Japan is much easier than in south Africa, however it is more likely for investors to invest in south Africa in order to avoid high competition faced in Japan.

Firm strategies, structure and rivalry:

In Japan career opportunity and prestige is more evident than in South Africa, this is attributed to the existence of skied labour, in Japan there are more career positions that hold prestige while this less evident in South Africa.

Both countries have hierarchical forms of organisation and therefore they are similar in terms of management and therefore competition in this regard is likely to be the same in both countries. Regarding competition motor firms and technological goods in Japan are more likely to face more competition than in the south Africa, this is because Japan concentrates more in machinery goods while there is diversity in the south Africa, for this reason therefore it is more likely that more competition will be faced in Japan than south Africa in technology based goods.

Government:

The government according to porter is an important factor in the realisation of comparative advantage. The government encourages this through subsidies, taxation, education policies and the enforcement of standards. The Japanese government maintains close government and industrial cooperation and for this reason the Japanese government is more likely to support its firms in gaining comparative advantage, in the South Africa the government is more likely to subsidise its firms to gain comparative advantage.

Conclusion:

In choosing which country to invest in it is first important to consider the expected competition in the country, in Japan it is expected that opening a motor related firm or an electronic good firm will face more competition due to the already existing countries. Due to less competition in south Africa the economy has less comparative advantage, infrastructure is more supportive in Japan than in south Africa and for this reason it would be better to invest in south Africa than in Japan due to the expected competition, however investing in Japan will hep a firm to gain competitive strategies and also gain from existence of skilled labour, supportive industries and supportive infrastructure.

References

Economist (2008) South African economy, retrieved on 1st march

Japan economy (2008) the facts on Japan economy, retrieved on 1st march,

South Africa business (2008) Investing in South Africa, retrieved on 1st march

South African economy (2008) South Africa industries, retrieved on 1st march

World Bank (2008) report on world development, retrieved on 1st march

Introduction

James Longstreet was born in the southern state of Carolina USA , he is well known for his engagements in many war both in America and Mexico. He fought his first war in Mexico under Taylor but during their military operations he wan injured and this made him to be promoted.

Discussion

Due to his experience and intelligence he was appointed as the major of troop units, he was selected to lead the seven oak where he came to relate closely with Lee. They were sent in various fields to fight against the enemy but in some situation they were defeated due to disagreements. In other regions they could emerge victorious but the worst came when Longstreet disagreed with Lee and this led to their defeat in the Gettysburg battle.

Longstreet claimed he would like to be part of the republican and this isolated him from his colleagues, He emphasize the need for the southerners to accept that they had been defeated in war, he urged them to involve themselves in the process of healing the country after a long period of civil wars, however these remarks to the southerners made him to loose publicity.

Timelines of events

He was appointed to serve in various federal posts including that one of being appointed as the surveyor of customs in the southern state of New Orleans. He was also appointed as the minister and the US marshal to Georgia till his death in the early nineteen hundreds.

Conclusion

James Longstreet is well known for his many battles in the United States of America, he served in almost every battle during the long American civil wars between 1860 to 1867, However the the Gettysburg made him to loose his reputation due to their public disagreements with Lee and hence they were defeated. Also he received various criticisms after he emphasized the need to be a republican and the need for the southerners to accept defeat.

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Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/history-articles/642982-study-material-from-itcerthome-2218691.html#ixzz1cFKCL5Qj
Under Creative Commons License: Attribution

Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on fifth January 1929 in Atlanta Georgia U.S.A. He was the second child of the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King between his sister, Willie Christine (September 11, 1927) and younger brother, Albert Daniel (nicknamed ‘A.D.’; July 30, 1930 – July 21, 1969). Luther was an ardent Christian from an early age since he was brought up in a Christian dominated background. King sang with his church choir at the 1939 Atlanta premiere of the movie Gone with the Wind.

King’s civil rights and educational activities:

Martin Luther’s involvement in active civil rights activism besides church teachings, were primarily caused by the Jim Crow laws, especially after Rosa parks was arrested for not complying with the laws. The Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws enacted in the Southern and Border States of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965. They mandated “separate but equal” status for black Americans. In reality, this led to treatment and accommodations that were almost always inferior to those provided to white Americans. Although it was legally required that the facilities should be provided, they were not.

.Besides this king was a member of many other Civic organizations Rights groups. These included: NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) and SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee).

Academic achievements:

Besides his work as a church minister Luther was also involved in a great deal of writing. Some of his works include The Measure of a Man, from which the piece what is Man? an attempt to sketch the optimal political, social, and economic structure of society, is derived. He wrote this book in 1959. His “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, written in 1963, is a passionate statement of his crusade for justice. Other books to his credit include; Strength to Love (1963),

King also organized and led marches for blacks’ right to vote, desegregation, labor rights and other basic civil rights. Most of these rights were successfully enacted into United States law with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

After delivering on the mountain top speech, king did not last long since he was assassinated on April 4, 1968, on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee.

Conclusion:

During his lifetime and the legacy he left behind, King has touched the lives of many people. Not only of blacks in America but of all blacks in Diaspora. Due to this king has won many awards both in life and death. Among the awards include: Being the youngest person to win the Nobel peace prize aged only 24, The Marcus Garvey Prize for Human Rights, presented by the Jamaican Government, posthumously in 1968, the 1971 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Recording for his Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam, the 1977 Presidential Medal of Freedom was awarded posthumously to King by Jimmy Carter, and a handful of honorary degrees from many American universities and colleges.

References:

Wikipedia the free encyclopedia (2007) retrieved on 23rd April

History of Martin Luther (2007), retrieved on 24th April

Hart ford (2007) the life of Luther king, retrieved on 24th April

Barnes, Catherine A. (1983.) Journey from Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit, Columbia University Press, Columbia

The life of Martin Luther Jr (2007) retrieved on 23rd April

AFSCME (2007) I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., retrieved on 24th April

Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/history-articles/martin-luther-king-jr-2219124.html#ixzz1cFKNtJN4
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This article throws some light on what the Bible and the Quran say about some hot women issues that demand some concerns; they are:

Who was the first sinner, Adam or Eve?

And the impact of Eve’ sin that negatively affected every woman

A woman should learn in quietness

A woman is not allowed to be a teachers and

A woman is not permitted to have authority over a man

————-

In the Bible, Women are to walk in modesty, adorned with good works, and to learn in silence. A woman was forbidden to teach or to exercise authority over men; she was to abide in quietness and silence.

Saint Paul appoints women to learn in the public assemblies with silence and modesty, being dressed pleasantly, without any overindulgence or excess in their clothing.

Why, it is not lawful for women to teach in the congregation, because by this means they would be placed above men, for they would be their masters: and this is against Gods ordinance. For Adam was first formed, then Eve.

Saint Paul proves this ordinance of God, by which the woman is subject to man, first because God made the woman after man, for, mans sake.

And Adam was not g deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression.

Then, because after her sin, the Lord God punished the woman, because she made Adam deceived by her, and therefore she is worthily for this reason subject to her husband, and ought to be.

As woman was last in the creation, which is one reason for her subjection, so she was first in the transgression.

However, the women’ subjection does not hinder them from being saved; they will be saved through childbearing; if they behave themselves in those duties of marriage in a holy and modest manner; if they continue in faith, love and holiness with propriety and sanctification with sobriety. Good women may and ought to teach their children at home the principles of true religion.

In conclusion, Women who continue in sobriety, shall be saved in child-bearing

Herein, some question may arouse:

1) What if the woman is not married and has no childbearing, would not she be saved according to Saint Paul teachings?

2) What about women who have authority like the queens, princesses, prime-minister, ministers, bosses, supervisors, managers, chiefs etc. who disobeyed Saint Paul teachings, are they all sinners and will not she be saved according to Saint Paul teachings?

3) According to Saint Paul teachings, most if not all the Western women are sinners and would not be saved.

————-

The Quran

1) Adam erred first, Not Eve

Verses 20:115-122 of the Quran give the details of the story of Adam, Eve and Satan.

Verse 20: 121 says that Adam erred and disobeyed his lord by eating from the tree, and allowed himself to be seduced; so went astray.

2) In the Hereafter, male and female is Equal; any female shall be admitted into Paradise by her faith and righteous deeds regardless of a) childbearing, b) her color, c) her race, d) her location, etc.

This meaning is repeated many times in the Quran, as for example, in verses 4:124, 16:97, 40:40 etc.

Verse 4:124 says:

And whoever does, any, righteous deeds, whether male or female, and is a believer, such shall be admitted into Paradise, and not be wronged, by as much as, the dint in a date-stone.

Verse 16:97 says:

Whoever acts righteously, whether male or female, and is a believer, him verily Allah shall revive with a goodly life. This is said to be life in Paradise.

And Allah shall surely pay them their reward according to the best of what they used to do.

Verse 40:40 says:

Whoever does an evil deed shall not be requited except with the like of it; but whoever acts righteously, whether male or female, and is a believer, such shall be admitted into Paradise wherein they will be provided without any reckoning, an abundant provision is given to them unconditionally.

===================================

The Bible,

1Timothy 2:11-15 (American Standard Version)

11) Let a woman learn in quietness with all subjection.

12) But I permit not a woman to teach, nor to have dominion over a man, but to be in quietness.

13) For Adam was first formed, then Eve;

14) And Adam was not beguiled, but the woman being beguiled hath fallen into transgression:

15) But she shall be saved through her child-bearing, if they continue in faith and love and sanctification with sobriety.

————-

The Quran, Yusuf Ali Translation

Verse 4:124

If any do deeds of righteousness, – is they male or female – and have faith, they will enter heaven, and not the least injustice will be done to them.

Verse 16:97

Whoever works righteousness, man or woman, and has faith, verily, to him will we give a new life, a life that is good and pure and we will bestow on such their reward according to the best of their actions.

Verse 40:40

“He that works evil will not be requited but by the like thereof: and he that works a righteous deed – whether man or woman – and is a believer- such will enter the garden (of bliss): therein will they have abundance without measure.

———————

Back to my question to the smart and interested reader:

Are the Scholars truthful when they claim that the Quran quoted from the Bible?

The Olympians, The Titans, and The Creation of Man

Greek mythology is an amazing, magical subject. Most of us wonder about what is true and what is not, however all of us are always eager to learn more about it.

The ancient Greeks had a time in the world, where everything being believed in, came from their stories and myths.

The ancient Greeks believed that at first, the world as we know it didn’t exist, that everything was in chaos. Then, out of nowhere, Erebus, which is where death dwells, appeared. With it, came the Night. Then, when order was still at its peak, Love was created, helping the order develop. From Love, came the light, and the day, and from the two of them, came Gaia, also known as the Earth. Erebus then slept with the Night, creating Ether, the ‘heavenly light’, and Day, the ‘earthly light’. The Night was presumably the producer of Death, Doom, Fate, Sleep, Dreams and Nemesis, amongst other creations.

Their beliefs are very complicated, and that’s not even the start of it. If you were able to keep up so far, and are interested in more, then read on.

Everything was created from the bases, which are mentioned above. Then, eventually, Zeus was born. Rhea, his mother sent him to Crete to be raised because her husband and brother, Cronus, ate all of his born offspring, which adds up to five. It is said that she got tired of her children being treated that way, so she decided that Zeus’s fate would be different. When he grew up, he killed his father, Cronus, and when he died, he threw up all of his children that were gobbled up by him. Seeing as they were all gods, they were unharmed. The ruling of certain parts of the world was divided between The Olympian gods, and The Titans.

The creation of man comes next. There were many myths and beliefs about this subject. Most saying that Zeus created man and loved him so, however, as always, there is a larger point of view.

Prometheus and Epimetheus were not imprisoned due to the fact that they stood aside while their fellow Titans during the war with the Olympians. After the war, they were given the task of creating man. Prometheus first created man simply out of mud, and then, Athena breathed life into its clay figure. The task of giving the creatures that inhabited the earth their qualities was left for Epithemeus. He gave all the creatures various qualities such as: swiftness, fur, wings, cunningness, etc. But when he came to man, he was out of good qualities, so Prometheus decided to give man the gift of standing upright, like the Gods did, and also the secret of fire.

Not long after the creation of man, Zeus declared that he wanted animal sacrifices to be made by the humans to the gods. Prometheus decided to trick Zeus, and so he created two piles of sacrifices: one with the bones of the animals wrapped in juicy fat, and another with good meat. He made Zeus pick one of the two piles. Zeus got the bones, and since Prometheus had given his word to Zeus for accepting future sacrifices, he always got the meaty flesh. Zeus was so mad that he took away man’s fire, but since Prometheus loved man so much, he lit a torch from the sun and brought it back to man.

Zeus was now beyond flaming, and so he decided to create an unbearable punishment for both man and Prometheus. For man’s punishment, he ordered Hephasteus to create a beautiful, mortal woman. After her creation, he had Hermes give her a deceptive heart and a lying nature. Her name was Pandora, and she was the first woman ever created. Then, she was given a jar which she was forbidden to open, and after that, she was sent to stay with Epimetheus, who was living amongst the humans. Pandora resisted the urge to open the jar for a mighty long time, however, at the end, her curiosity took over, and she opened it. All sorts of bad things introduced to man were released upon the humans as she opened the jar. But in between all the sorrow, plagues, and the evil held within was one good thing. Hope.

Prometheus’s punishment was more severe than the humans’. So Zeus had his servants, Force and Violence, take Prometheus away and bind him up in the Caucasus Mountains. They chained him to a rock with unbreakable adamantine chains. Over there, he was tortured every hour of the day and night by a giant eagle eating and tearing at his liver. Zeus then gave Prometheus two ways out: Either he would tell Zeus who the mother of the child that was to dethrone him was. Or, first, an immortal had to sacrifice his life for Prometheus, and a mortal would have to kill the giant eagle.Eventually, the second condition was applied. The only immortal centaur, Chiron, offered to die for Prometheus, and Heracles ended up killing the giant eagle.

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With summer just round the corner Stratford upon Avon is gearing itself up for an influx of tourists from all over the world. Just last year for instance some 3 million people visited the Famous town from all over the world pretty impressive figures you might say.

So what do visitors come to see, apart from the obvious Birthplace of William Shakespeare there are also a number of other attractions that you can visit at various times of the day ranging from the other Historic Houses to Fabulous gardens to Walking and Boat Trips to spectacular Air tours over the town. Stratford upon Avon has a lot too offer as you would expect in a town that is steeped in History.

Let’s take a look at the some of Shakespeare’s Houses as they are known, these Houses are a focal visiting point for tourists and the tours are full of information on the history of each house..

Mary Arden’s House

This House was home to Shakespeare’s grandparents and was also the residence of Shakespeare’s mother Mary Arden. Mary Arden was the daughter of a farmer and she originally lived in Wilmcote a village about 3 miles from Stratford upon Avon. Then she met and married John Shakespeare in 1557 and respectively moved to Stratford upon Avon.

Visitors can expect to see when entering via the front garden that the original exterior Tudor built walls has been replaced by bricks, this would have been done sometime during the 18th century. But the original timber structure of the building still exists dating back to approximately 1514.The living room makes up part of the house with a range of artefacts dating back about 100 yrs,but a new wing was also added which contains butter and dairy making equipment.

You can also experience when visiting the house what it would have been like to live as a Tudor farmer back in the 15th century as a living experience via the surrounding farm, with a collection of animals and historic farming tools are on display as well as demonstrations of 15th century farming skills such as cider making, wood chopping and cheese pressing.

Anne Hathaway’s Cottage

This cottage was residence to Shakespeare’s wife to be Anne Hathaway, she lived here as a child been the daughter of Richard Hathaway a yeoman farmer. Richard Hathaway died in September of 1581, with William Shakespeare then marrying Anne in November of the following year, the cottage itself is located in Shottery which is just over a mile away from the centre of Stratford upon Avon. You can hardly call this a cottage though as in its day it was of a substantial size and seems to have been built in two parts.

The lower part of the cottage dates back to about the 1460s consisting of a hall and a kitchen area this is the area where visitors normally enter the cottage. Then on the first floor you have the bedrooms or bedchambers as they were known in medieval time’s one main feature are the curved timbers both matching and rising from the ground to the apex of the roof a typical construction method of that age. The house was then owned by Bartholomew Hathaway in the early 17th century who added another section which has since been divided into another 3 rooms on the ground floor with 2 bedrooms above.

When visiting the Cottage you can take a computer based virtual tour or take a guided tour which includes the beautiful gardens, orchards, and the grounds that surround the cottage, as well as a Woodland Walk if you wish where you may spot some local wildlife.

Halls Croft

This was home to Shakespeare’s eldest daughter known as Susanna and her husband known as Dr John Hall. Halls Croft was built in 1613 and is a very stunning building for its time. You can see very impressive touches throughout the building from the architecture to the displays inside the house ranging from 17th century furniture to portraits from the same era all reflecting the wealth and the status of the Halls.

The House is also set in spectacular grounds and gardens with a path lined each side with roses which lead to a sundial and arbour there is also a mulberry tree in the centre of the lawn

In the House itself there is an exhibition on the upper floor, here you can expect to see some of the medical equipment that Dr John Hall used during his time as a doctor.

The walled garden also contains plants of various sorts and trees and herbs that he may have used in his treatments.

Nash House and New Place

Nash house was owned by Shakespeare’s granddaughter known as Elizabeth; the house itself was named after Thomas Nash who was Elizabeth’s husband and a wealthy property owner at the time. New place was the adjoining house and it was in this house that Shakespeare saw his last days out until his death in 1616.

Following Shakespeare’s death the house was later destroyed by a rather eccentric owner but the location was preserved and transformed into a beautiful and picturesque garden which also contains a Mulberry tree which it is said was grown from a cutting planted by Shakespeare himself.

Other Attractions

Bancroft Gardens

You cannot come to Stratford upon Avon and not visit the beautiful Bancroft Gardens. The Gardens are located on the River Avon right opposite the Famous Royal Shakespeare Theatre. Visitors can enjoy sunny days here with the expansive green lawns set against the River or take a Boat cruise or just relax and enjoy the swan fountain or visit the Gower Memorial which features characters from Shakespeare’s plays together with a mix of statues and flowered areas

Avon Air centre

If want to see Stratford upon Avon from a totally new respective then a visit to the Avon Air Centre is what you are looking for. Taking off in a Cessna Aircraft you will fly over such famous sites as such as the Holy Trinity Church, the Royal Shakespeare Theatre the River Avon and much more respectively. Or if you wish you could fly over the spectacular Cotswolds Hills and the surrounding countryside. The Avon air centre is located at Wellsbourne Airfield which is only 4 miles from Stratford upon Avon

Stratford Armoury

This is a museum of truly unique quality as it houses a collection of world class arms and armour from all around the world. Stratford Armouries is a museum and also a visitor centre set in the beautiful Warwickshire countryside visitors to the museum can expect to see galleries full of world class exhibits ranging from the Worlds oldest Cannon to a Life sized Armoured Elephant and even Leonardo Da Vinci’s Giant Crossbow .

But also it’s not just armour as a lot of the armour produced or made in those days was also a work of art and some of the exhibits display intricate and ornate items and not just items of war.

The Royal Shakespeare Theatre

Your visit to Stratford upon Avon would not be complete without a visit to the world famous Royal Shakespeare Theatre. Built in 1926 following a fire in 1879 the theatre has recently undergone a £100 million transformation and has now opened with an impressive tiered auditorium with a 1000 seating capacity the largest in the world.

It is the place to see Shakespeare’s plays respectively from Hamlet to Macbeth etc but the theatre is also host to classical productions and international dramatists.

As a visitor you can also book a backstage tour these are run on a regular basis and are a fascinating insight into how plays and productions by the RSC are set up and run from stage sets to costumes.

As you can see there is a lot to see and do in Stratford upon Avon apart from these attractions there are also a host of other organisations that operate in the town from the Stratford Town Walk who do tours around Stratford or a visit to the world famous Stratford Butterfly Farm might take your fancy as well as museums to fine art and antique shops to the all important shopping experience of traditional shops to the modern there is something for everyone in Stratford upon Avon.

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History

Mexico country is a former colony of Spain that gained independence after many years of struggle in 1821, in this year several emperors were being built as a sign of freedom. After a few years all the states joined and formed a coalition country called the United Mexican States. Due to political greediness the country starting experiencing internal conflicts mainly involving those who supported the federal form of government and the conservatives, later however the country separated into three parts which were very hostile towards each other and finally this led to the boundary war with America who intended to occupy Texas.

After a long conflict the federal government finally came to power which brought new signs of hope and freedom within the country. In 1860conflicts started as a result of France invasion with the support of conservatives, this led to the establishment of the second Mexican empire which was to be headed by the conservative wing. Series republican presidents emerged with support from France; this led to a quick recovery of the economic status due to the introduction of various reforms. Some of the reforms were beneficial as the Mexico economy started growing at high rate while other reforms brought in negative impacts to the country and this saw the assassination of presidents.

It was hard for an elected president to finish his term in the office before being assassinated, Some however did finish their term and these were those who brought reforms that facilitated greatly to economic growth, in1970sthe country started experiencing some smooth economic growth and non-PRI were elected as president but this was latter followed by mass protests which made him to resign in the early 1990s.Later on various political parties emerged and became more popular than previous leaders.

Geographical Information

Mexico is located in Central America but geopolitically it is located in North America. It is bordered by the United States to the north and to the eastern side is the Atlantic Ocean while on the western side is the Pacific Ocean. Mexico is the 14th largest country in the world and links both north and South America. Despite this, its large is also contributed by the islands which are on both Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

Mexico is surrounded by mountains which run from the north to south of the country there are several other ranges like Sierra Madre del Sur, Many of the country parts experience adequate rainfall in many seasons and this is the reason why Mexico is globally known for its agricultural activities.

Mexico has two climatic conditions which is divided into two parts by the tropical of cancer, therefore some parts experience cooler temperatures especially during the winter while others are warm mostly the southern part of the country. The country therefore experiences moderate climatic conditions throughout the year

On the other hand Mexico is considered as the home for over 12% of species in the world, these species include amphibians and reptiles. This is as a result of the forest cover in most parts of the country and also due to the large water bodies that are within and outside the country.

Demographics

Mexico is one of the most populated countries with a population of over 100 million people, Majority of the population live in cities whereby about 75% of the whole population live in urban cities while the rest live in the less developed areas, Most of the cities are found in the north regions which include the big five cities. Majority of migrants are from the north western and south eastern regions of the country with less migrants from other regions, this migration is caused by bads weather and less productivity in these areas.

Life expectancy in the whole country is approximately 70 to 76 with the two regions Baja and Nuevo Leon having the highest life expectancy. Other regions have low life expectancy which is below 73, these area include Chiapas and Guerrero. However the mortality rate has greatly reduced for both men and women as a result of improved medical services.

The common language used in most parts of Mexico, according to the recent statistics Mexico is the only country with a large number of individuals speaking Spanish. This is a result of their colonization by Spain.

Current Style of Government

The Mexico government is sub divided into three levels of leaderships, this has existed since the implementation of the constitution in 1917. They include the municipal government , the federal union and the state government with the federal government being the most powerful. All the leaders of the three levels are voted in by the officials or in some situations they are appointed by the officials

The federal government is made up of the three branches with each having specific members, These branches are the Legislative which mainly composes of the members of the senate and deputies. The Executive is headed by the president of the United Mexico States while the Judiciary comprises of the judges appointed by the president. In the current Congress there are more than six political parties which show that Mexico is now becoming a multiparty democratic country.

National Culture

Ethnically, Mexico consists of many different ethnic people from all over the world majority of them being from Spain. The most largest number of people according to race is the Metizos, they are half Spanish and half Amerindian and account for 65% of the whole Mexico population. The Amerindian were indigenous Mexicans who contribute to 20% of the whole population while the Whites who are immigrants from the Europe and Asia constitute about 10% of the whole population.

Economical Structure

Mexican economy is one of the large economies in the world, It has modern infrastructure and also involves in agricultural activities which contribute nearly a quarter of its national income. The impacts of these economic achievements have made the government to offer free medical and education to its citizens. Mexico is also popular for its tourist industry, this has greatly resulted to economic growth as a result of foreign income from tourists

References:

Jermyn, Leslie. Countries of the World: Mexico. Wisconsin: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 1998.

Kent, Deborah. Mexico: Rich in Spirit and Tradition. New York: Benchmark Books, 1996.

Rummel, Jack. Mexico. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2001.

Stein, R. Conrad. Mexico: Enchantment of the World. New York: Children’s Press, 1998.

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